Electromagnetic wave interaction with time-varying systems has gained a lot of research interest in recent years. The temporal modulation gives unprecedented control over the response, allowing us to go beyond the state-of-the-art in passive systems. In this work, we use time variation to derive a model for a deep-subwavelength direction-of-arrival (DoA) sensing apparatus with enhanced performance and sensitivity. We formulate the problem, derive an analytical model, and discuss the various physical mechanisms responsible for the enhancement. We show that time modulation enables a new degree of control that can be used to optimize the response for various incident frequencies, allowing for wideband operation. Additionally, we show that incorporating the currents from higher generated harmonics into the sensing scheme allows us to extract more accurate information about the impinging wave.

电磁波与时变系统的相互作用得到了很大的发展 最近几年的研究兴趣。时间调制给出了 对反应的前所未有的控制，使我们能够超越 无源系统的最先进技术。在这项工作中，我们使用时间变化来 推导了深亚波长波达方向(DOA)传感模型 具有增强的性能和灵敏度的设备。我们阐述了这个问题， 推导出分析模型，并讨论各种物理机制 负责增强功能。我们证明了时间调制使一种新的 可用于优化各种响应的控制程度 入射频率，允许宽带操作。此外，我们还展示了 将产生的高次谐波的电流并入 传感方案使我们能够提取更准确的关于 撞击波。