As wireless has disrupted communications, wireless will also disrupt the delivery of energy. Future wireless networks will be equipped with (radiative) wireless power transfer (WPT) capability and exploit radio waves to carry both energy and information through a unified wireless information and power transfer (WIPT). Such networks will make the best use of the RF spectrum and radiation as well as the network infrastructure for the dual purpose of communicating and energizing. Consequently those networks will enable trillions of future low-power devices to sense, compute, connect, and energize anywhere, anytime, and on the move. In this paper, we review the foundations of such future system. We first give an overview of the fundamental theoretical building blocks of WPT and WIPT. Then we discuss some state-of-the-art experimental setups and prototypes of both WPT and WIPT and contrast theoretical and experimental results. We draw a special attention to how the integration of RF, signal and system designs in WPT and WIPT leads to new theoretical and experimental design challenges for both microwave and communication engineers and highlight some promising solutions. Topics and experimental testbeds discussed include closed-loop WPT and WIPT architectures with beamforming, waveform, channel acquisition, and single/multi-antenna energy harvester, centralized and distributed WPT, reconfigurable metasurfaces and intelligent surfaces for WPT, transmitter and receiver architecture for WIPT, modulation, rate-energy trade-off. Moreover, we highlight important theoretical and experimental research directions to be addressed for WPT and WIPT to become a foundational technology of future wireless networks.

由于无线扰乱了通信，无线也将扰乱 能量的传递。未来的无线网络将配备(辐射) 无线电能传输(WPT)能力和利用无线电波承载两者 通过统一的无线信息和电源提供能源和信息 转移(擦除)。这类网络将充分利用射频频谱，并 辐射以及网络基础设施的双重用途 沟通和激励。因此，这些网络将使数万亿 未来可随时随地进行感知、计算、连接和供电的低功耗设备， 随时随地、随时随地。在本文中，我们回顾了这种现象的基础。 未来的系统。我们首先给出一个基本的理论概述。 WPT和WPT的构建块。然后我们讨论一些最先进的 WPT和WIFT的实验装置及样机 理论和实验结果。我们要特别注意的是， WPT和WPT中射频、信号和系统设计的集成带来了新的 微波和实验的理论和实验设计挑战 并重点介绍了一些有前景的解决方案。主题和 所讨论的实验测试平台包括闭环WPT和WIFT体系结构 具有波束成形、波形、信道捕获和单天线/多天线 能量采集器、集中式和分布式WPT、可重新配置的元面 和WPT的智能表面，发射器和接收器架构 擦除、调制、速率-能量权衡。此外，我们强调重要的是 WPT和WPT有待解决的理论和实验研究方向 成为未来无线网络的基础技术。