什么是Terraform？终极指南来了！-FlyAI

什么是Terraform？终极指南来了！

深度学习

最后更新 2020-09-29 19:50 阅读 1459

最后更新 2020-09-29 19:50

阅读 1459

深度学习

##FlyAI文献翻译
**英文原文：**[：Intro to Terraform](https://medium.com/faun/what-is-terraform-the-ultimate-guide-25c4aa1891ae)
> **标签**：算法

The world’s most advanced infrastructure provisioning system.

What is Terraform? You may have heard of this service countless of times as the one stop shop for all enterprise infrastructure provisioning systems. Is it a cloud infrastructure manager? Maybe it’s a cloud provisioning API? You are about to learn all you need to know about Terraform in this quick and simple guide. Enjoy!

**The Basics**

Terraform is the layer between you and your cloud provider’s API. It enables you to take automated cloud provisioning to new heights. Terraform helps you write your cloud infrastructure as code. This means that you can define exactly what your application needs and Terraform will remotely provision these resources in the cloud.

>世界上最先进的基础设施配置系统。

>什么是Terraform？你可能已经无数次听说过这个服务，它是所有企业基础设施配置系统的一站式服务。它是一个云基础设施管理器吗？也许它是一个云配置API？在这本快速简单的指南中，您将了解到关于Terraform的所有知识。请欣赏！

>**基础知识**

>Terraform是您和云提供商API之间的一层。它使您能够将自动云配置提升到新的高度。Terraform可以帮助您将云基础设施写成代码。这意味着您可以准确地定义您的应用程序需要什么，Terraform将在云中远程配置这些资源。

First, you will create a .tf file listing your application’s needs in the cloud and your preferred cloud provider (AWS, Azure, GCP, etc). Let’s say you include a SQL database, VM, and networking instance.

After you configure your application’s needs, Terraform will plan your selection based on your existing cloud presence and the configurations from your .tf file. Does Terraform need to provision a networking instance on top of your VM and SQL database or does it need to create all of the resources?

Based on this plan, Terraform will, “spin up these resources,” (Vennam) using the cloud provider’s API’s and your API token.

Terraform will complete the process by giving you relevant information from the cloud provisioning. This includes application URL’s, access tokens, etc.

>首先，您将创建一个.tf文件，列出您的应用程序在云中的需求和您的首选云提供商（AWS、Azure、GCP等）。比方说，你包括一个SQL数据库、虚拟机和网络实例。

>在您配置好您的应用需求后，Terraform会根据您现有的云存在和您的.tf文件中的配置来规划您的选择。Terraform是需要在你的虚拟机和SQL数据库之上提供一个网络实例，还是需要创建所有的资源？

>根据这个计划，Terraform将使用云提供商的API和您的API令牌 "旋转这些资源"（Vennam）。

>Terraform将通过向您提供云供应的相关信息来完成这一过程。这包括应用程序的URL、访问令牌等。

**Use Cases**

Is your project in need of Terraform? Here are some of the most popular use cases of Terraform in test and production environments.

Test Environments: Terraform is a reliable option for developers using a development environment for testing their code. It also integrates well with teams that are utilizing the Continuous Integration/Continuous Development method of testing and deploying their code to production servers. Terraform can automatically provision cloud resources based on deployments and deliveries.

Distributed Applications: Applications that use distributed system designs often need cloud resources on demand. Codifying the process of provisioning infrastructure in the cloud saves time and resources spent manually configuring systems.

Multi-Cloud Deployment: Often times, enterprises will distribute their cloud resources over different cloud providers. This allows for a refined recovery from a downtime for any specific provider. Resource orchestration can be extremely challenging due to the limited capability of tools meant for only one provider. Terraform allows for developers to manage multi-cloud setups in a simple and efficient manner, helping reduce an application’s complexity.

>**使用案例**

>您的项目是否需要使用Terraform？以下是Terraform在测试和生产环境中最常用的一些使用案例。

>测试环境：对于使用开发环境测试代码的开发人员来说，Terraform是一个可靠的选择。它还能很好地与利用持续集成/持续开发方法进行测试并将其代码部署到生产服务器的团队进行整合。Terraform可以根据部署和交付情况自动配置云资源。

>分布式应用：使用分布式系统设计的应用通常需要按需提供云资源。将云中的基础设施配置过程编码化，可以节省人工配置系统的时间和资源。

>多云部署：通常情况下，企业会将其云资源分布在不同的云提供商上。这允许从任何特定提供商的停机时间进行精细的恢复。由于只针对一个提供商的工具能力有限，资源协调可能极具挑战性。Terraform允许开发人员以简单有效的方式管理多云设置，帮助降低应用程序的复杂性。

**Integration**

Using Terraform naturally reduces the complexity of applications by routing cloud services through one access point. The Terraform service acts as a abstraction layer between your application and the resources management API’s that cloud providers offer. Using Terraform offers a simple and uniform way of interacting with the backend of your cloud resources, saving time that would otherwise be spent manually orchestrating cloud environments.

After reading the Terraform documentation, we can see that defining and provisioning cloud resources is as easy as creating a .tf file and running three commands: terraform init , terraform plan , and terraform apply !

>**融合**

>使用Terraform通过一个接入点路由云服务，自然而然地降低了应用的复杂性。Terraform服务是您的应用和云提供商提供的资源管理API之间的抽象层。使用Terraform提供了一种简单而统一的方式与云资源的后端进行交互，节省了原本需要手动协调云环境的时间。

>在阅读完Terraform文档后，我们可以看到，定义和配置云资源就像创建一个.tf文件并运行三个命令一样简单：terraform init ，terraform plan ，和terraform apply !

The first step, terraform init , will initialize your application using the Terraform configuration files listed in your project directory. These config files include your project’s needs. This can include a MySQL Database or even a virtual machine instance.

After you have defined your .tf file and run the first command, you will run terraform plan . This action will compare your project’s current cloud infrastructure to the one defined in your .tf file. Depending on how many existing cloud technologies you use, Terraform will provision new services.

The final step to this process is terraform apply . This command will execute all the resource provisioning and provide output directly to your console window. With this last command, you are done creating cloud resources for your application!

>第一步，terraform init ，将使用项目目录下的Terraform配置文件来初始化你的应用程序。这些配置文件包含了你项目的需求。这可能包括一个MySQL数据库甚至一个虚拟机实例。

>在你定义了你的.tf文件并运行第一个命令后，你将运行terraform plan 。该操作将把您项目当前的云基础设施与您的.tf文件中定义的基础设施进行比较。根据您使用的现有云技术的数量，Terraform将提供新的服务。

>这个过程的最后一步是terraform apply 。这条命令将执行所有的资源配置，并将输出直接提供给你的控制台窗口。有了这最后一条命令，你就完成了为你的应用创建云资源的工作!

**Drawbacks**

While Terraform can greatly help you manage your project’s cloud resources, there are several drawbacks to keep in mind.

Console Output: The planning phase of Terraform infrastructure provisioning is often filled with unnecessary information in the console output. Much of this irrelevant output reduces your visibility to see whether Terraform was able to successfully provision your resources. While most people will be fine with this aspect of the Terraform, some may find it obtrusive and hard to manage.

Rollback Handling: Due to the absence of a rollback feature in Terraform, unsuccessful provisions may result in a “half baked job” for your project’s cloud infrastructure. For example, if Terraform stopped provisioning midway through the apply phase, it won’t rollback the creation of any previously provisioned resources. This can create an awkward situation in which you have to manually remove all your cloud infrastructure and restart the entire process.

>**缺点**

>虽然Terraform可以极大地帮助你管理项目的云资源，但有几个缺点需要注意。

>控制台输出: Terraform基础设施配置的规划阶段往往在控制台输出中充满了不必要的信息。这些无关紧要的输出大多降低了您查看Terraform是否能够成功配置资源的可见性。虽然大多数人都会对Terraform的这个方面感到满意，但有些人可能会觉得这很碍眼，很难管理。

>回滚处理: 由于Terraform中没有回滚功能，不成功的配置可能会导致你的项目云基础设施的 "半成品工作"。例如，如果Terraform在应用阶段中途停止了供应，它不会回滚创建任何先前供应的资源。这可能会造成一个尴尬的局面，你必须手动删除所有的云基础设施，并重新启动整个过程。

Error Handling: Terraform’s error handling process can be erratic. Many times, you will find yourself struggling to address the root problem of an unsuccessful provisioning session because of the generalized error statements. This can be a pain when your cloud presence is spread across multiple providers. Fortunately, the Terraform community is well established so your problems have a high chance of being answered by other developers.

**Conclusion**

While Terraform has some impressive features, there are certainly drawbacks to consider. Using the three simple steps of provisioning cloud resources with Terraform, your project will be golden! Do you see yourself integrating Terraform into your project?

>错误处理：Terraform的错误处理过程可能是不稳定的。很多时候，你会发现自己因为通用的错误声明而难以解决供应会话不成功的根本问题。当您的云存在分布在多个供应商时，这可能是一个痛苦。幸运的是，Terraform社区已经非常成熟，因此您的问题很有可能得到其他开发者的解答。

>**结束语**

>虽然Terraform有一些令人印象深刻的功能，但同样也有需要考虑的缺点。使用Terraform配置云资源的三个简单步骤，你的项目将是金子般的存在! 你认为自己会将Terraform集成到你的项目中吗？

本作品采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
本文链接地址：https://flyai.com/article/711

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